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IZA
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Air Pollution Exposure and COVID-19
by
Matthew A. Cole, Ceren Ozgen, Eric Strobl
(June 2020)
published as 'Air Pollution Exposure and Covid-19 in Dutch Municipalities' in: Environmental and Resource Economics, 2020, 76, 581-610
Abstract:
In light of the existing preliminary evidence of a link between Covid-19 and poor air quality, which is largely based upon correlations, we estimate the relationship between long term air pollution exposure and Covid-19 in 355 municipalities in the Netherlands. Using detailed secondary and administrative data we find compelling evidence of a positive relationship between air pollution, and particularly PM2.5 concentrations, and Covid-19 cases, hospital admissions and deaths. This relationship persists after controlling for a wide range of explanatory variables. Our results indicate that a 1 μ/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations is associated with 9.4 more Covid-19 cases, 3.0 more hospital admissions, and 2.3 more deaths. The relationship between Covid-19 and air pollution withstands a number of sensitivity and robustness exercises including instrumenting pollution to mitigate potential endogeneity and modelling spatial spillovers using spatial econometric techniques.
Text: See Discussion Paper No. 13367 
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